Best Castle Towns in Japan:
History & Top Spots
The Best Castles in Japan: A Journey Through History and Architecture
Japanese castles are not just remarkable fortresses; they embody the nation’s deep history and stunning architectural innovations. From the Sengoku period to the Edo period, these castles have played crucial roles in defense, governance, and cultural preservation. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply looking to experience Japan’s rich feudal past, these castles offer a fascinating glimpse into the country’s architectural and political heritage.
On this page, you’ll explore the history, the structure of these castles, and the top castles in Japan, including essential visitor information like ticket prices and how long to spend at each site.
On this site, you can find:
- History and Importance of Japanese Castles
- Structure of Japanese Castles
- Top Castles in Japan
- Samurai Spots
History and Importance of Japanese Castles
Japanese castles were more than just fortresses. They were centers of power, symbols of the feudal system, and pivotal to the military strategies of their time. Built during different periods—Sengoku (Warring States), Edo, and earlier—each castle tells a story of Japan’s turbulent past and the ongoing quest for political and military dominance.
Many of these castles were constructed by samurai lords, who used them not only as defensive structures but as symbols of their authority. Castles were often surrounded by moats, stone walls, and fortified gates to ward off enemies. The strategic location of castles—such as atop mountains or near rivers—furthered their role as formidable strongholds.
Throughout the Edo period, castles also became cultural centers where samurai and nobility would live and govern, establishing the foundations of the peaceful and prosperous times that followed.
Structure of Japanese Castles
The structure of Japanese castles is unique, blending form and function in a way that maximized both defense and living comfort.
- Main Tower (Tenshu): The central part of the castle, often towering over the surrounding landscape, was used for military and strategic purposes. It housed the daimyo (lord) and his family.
- Moats and Walls: Most castles were surrounded by stone walls and water-filled moats, which served both as defense mechanisms and as barriers to invaders.
- Gatehouses and Watchtowers: These structures helped control access to the castle and provided high vantage points to spot approaching enemies.
- Castle Town: Many castles were surrounded by a castle town where workers, traders, and other citizens lived. These towns supported the castle and played key roles in the economy and culture of the time.
While some of Japan’s castles were originally constructed with military strength in mind, others evolved to reflect the growing cultural and political importance of these structures.
Top Castles in Japan
Himeji Castle: The White Heron of Japan
Known for its striking white exterior, Himeji Castle is one of the most well-preserved and spectacular castles in Japan. Often referred to as the White Heron Castle due to its elegant and bird-like appearance, it played a significant role in the Sengoku period and later as a symbol of power during the Edo period.
- Location: Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture
- How long to spend: 2-3 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ1,000 for adults, ÂĄ300 for children
Matsumoto Castle: The Black Crow Castle
Matsumoto Castle, also known as the Black Crow Castle, is famous for its striking black exterior and its complete preservation. It’s one of the oldest castles in Japan, dating back to the late 16th century. Its distinctive hirajiro (flatland castle) style gives it a unique charm, combining defense and aesthetics.
- Location: Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ610 for adults, ÂĄ300 for children
Kumamoto Castle: The Castle with a Legendary Past
Kumamoto Castle is one of Japan’s most famous castles, known for its grand structure and its role in the Satsuma Rebellion. It survived many battles, and though it was damaged in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, it remains a symbol of resilience and strength.
- Location: Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture
- How long to spend: 2-3 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ500 for adults, ÂĄ200 for children
Osaka Castle: A Fortress of Power and Influence
Standing as a symbol of Japan’s unification, Osaka Castle was originally built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the late 16th century. The castle has been rebuilt over time and is now one of Japan’s most visited sites, offering a museum and panoramic views of the surrounding area.
- Location: Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ600 for adults, ÂĄ200 for children
Nagoya Castle: Where History Meets Grandeur
Nagoya Castle is renowned for its majestic shachihoko (golden ornaments on the roof) and elegant design. Built by the Tokugawa family during the Edo period, it has been restored and serves as a significant symbol of power and beauty.
- Location: Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ500 for adults, ÂĄ100 for children
Nijo Castle: The Castle of the Shogun
Famous for its Ninomaru Palace, Nijo Castle was built as a residence for Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Edo period. The castle is renowned for its nightingale floors, which chirp when walked upon as a security measure.
- Location: Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ1,000 for adults, ÂĄ400 for children
Hikone Castle: A Perfectly Preserved Treasure
Hikone Castle, located on the shores of Lake Biwa, is one of Japan’s oldest castles and is well-preserved with its original keep intact. The castle provides a glimpse into Japan’s past and offers stunning views over the lake and surrounding countryside.
- Location: Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ800 for adults, ÂĄ200 for children
Okayama Castle: The Crow Castle
Okayama Castle, also known as the Crow Castle, features a striking black exterior similar to that of Matsumoto Castle. The current structure was reconstructed after being destroyed in World War II, but it retains the historical charm of a classic Japanese fortress.
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ300 for adults, ÂĄ150 for children
- Location: Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture
Sendai Castle: The Castle of the Date Clan
Sendai Castle, once home to the Date clan, offers breathtaking views of the city below. While much of the castle has been lost to time, the remains of the tenshukaku (main tower) and the beautiful surrounding park are still well worth a visit.
- Location: Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ300 for adults, ÂĄ150 for children
Takamatsu Castle: The Water Castle
Built by the Ikoma clan, Takamatsu Castle is famous for its moat, which fills with water during the rainy season, creating a dramatic effect. The castle’s layout is unique in that it is built on flat land surrounded by water, offering a scenic view.
- Location: Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ200 for adults, ÂĄ100 for children
Kanazawa Castle: A Historical Gem
Kanazawa Castle was the seat of the powerful Maeda clan. The site offers beautifully restored structures, including the tenshukaku, and stunning gardens. Kanazawa Castle is a wonderful example of both feudal history and architectural design.
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ310 for adults, ÂĄ100 for children
- Location: Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture
Maruoka Castle: The Oldest Castle in Japan
Maruoka Castle is Japan’s oldest surviving tenshukaku (castle tower). It has remained largely unchanged since the 16th century, offering visitors a rare glimpse of medieval Japanese architecture.
- Location: Maruoka, Fukui Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1 hour
- Ticket price: ÂĄ150 for adults, ÂĄ70 for children
Fukuyama Castle: The Samurai Fortress
Originally built in the early 17th century, Fukuyama Castle is well known for its grand design and historical significance. Though much of the original structure was destroyed, the main keep has been reconstructed and provides insight into its former glory.
- Location: Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ200 for adults, ÂĄ100 for children
Matsuyama Castle: A Castle with a View
Perched atop a hill, Matsuyama Castle offers breathtaking views of the city below. It is one of the most famous castles in the Shikoku region and boasts one of Japan’s best-preserved keeps.
- Location: Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture
- How long to spend: 1-2 hours
- Ticket price: ÂĄ510 for adults, ÂĄ150 for children
Imperial East Gardens (Tokyo)
Park on the former grounds of Edo Castle
Location: Tokyo
The Imperial Palace East Gardens (皇居東御苑, KĹŤkyo Higashi Gyoen) are part of the inner palace area and open to the public. They are the former site of Edo Castle’s innermost circles of defense, the honmaru (“main circle”) and ninomaru (“secondary circle”). None of the main buildings remain today, but the moats, walls, entrance gates and several guardhouses still exist.
Planning Your Castle Visits with the Map
To help you plan your journey, we’ve created a map of Japanese castles that highlights the locations of these incredible historical sites. Whether you’re touring multiple castles in a region or planning a dedicated castle-hopping trip, our map allows you to see their proximity to one another, making it easier to structure your visit.
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Samurai spots
1. Hagi – A Samurai Town by the Sea
Hagi is known for its well-preserved samurai district, historic residences, and pottery tradition. The town played a crucial role in Japan’s Meiji Restoration and is home to numerous historical landmarks.
2. Kakunodate – The Little Kyoto of the North
Kakunodate is renowned for its beautifully preserved samurai district and stunning cherry blossom displays in spring. Visitors can explore historic samurai mansions and learn about the town’s warrior heritage.
3. Matsumoto – The Black Crow Castle
Matsumoto is home to one of Japan’s most stunning original castles, Matsumoto Castle, known for its black exterior. The surrounding city also features samurai-era streets and preserved merchant areas.
4. Aizu-Wakamatsu – The Last Samurai Stronghold
Aizu-Wakamatsu is famous for its samurai legacy, including Tsuruga Castle, the historic samurai district, and sites related to the Boshin War, where the last samurai made their stand.
5. Hirosaki – Samurai Town of the North
Hirosaki is best known for Hirosaki Castle and its well-preserved samurai district. The town is particularly beautiful during cherry blossom season, when thousands of trees bloom around the castle grounds.
6. Kumamoto – The Castle of the Stronghold
Kumamoto is home to Kumamoto Castle, one of the most impressive samurai fortresses in Japan. The city played an important role in samurai history, especially during the Satsuma Rebellion.
7. Shimonoseki – Site of Samurai Battles
Shimonoseki is historically significant for its samurai battles, including the famous Battle of Dannoura. The town has many historical sites related to Japan’s warrior history.